Did you know, it is estimated that about one in seven Australians over the age of 50 years have some evidence of age-related macular degeneration? One of the leading causes of vision loss among older adults, macular degeneration is a chronic eye condition that affects the central part of the retina known as the macula, the part of the eye responsible for central, high-resolution vision. As macular degeneration progresses, it can make it difficult to read, drive, or perform other everyday tasks that require sharp vision.
There are two main types of AMD - dry (atrophic) and wet (exudative). Dry macular degeneration is the most common form, accounting for about 90% of cases. It occurs when the macula thins over time. This gradual deterioration can lead to a slow, painless loss of central vision.
Wet macular degeneration is less common but more severe. It is caused by abnormal blood vessels that grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood, damaging the macula. This type of macular degeneration can cause rapid and severe vision loss.
Both types can significantly impact quality of life, making it important to understand the condition and seek early treatment.
What Are the Symptoms?
Knowing the symptoms of AMD is important for early detection and treatment. The most common symptoms include:
· Blurred central vision - Patients may notice that their central vision becomes blurred or distorted, making it difficult to read, drive, or recognise faces.
· Difficulty adjusting to low light - People with macular degeneration may struggle to see clearly in dim lighting conditions.
· Increased sensitivity to glare and bright lights - Bright lights and glare can be uncomfortable and make it challenging to perform everyday tasks.
· Distorted or wavy vision - Straight lines may appear wavy or distorted, and objects in the centre of the visual field may look smaller than they actually are.
· Blind spots in central vision - As the macula deteriorates, patients may develop one or more blind spots in the centre of their visual field.
Risk Factors
Some of the key risk factors for macular degeneration include:
Age - The risk of developing macular degeneration increases significantly with age, with the condition being most common in individuals over the age of 60.
Family history - Individuals with a family history of macular degeneration have a higher risk of developing the condition, suggesting a genetic component.
Smoking - Smoking is a major risk factor, and quitting can significantly reduce the risk.
Obesity and cardiovascular disease - Conditions like obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of macular degeneration.
Sunlight exposure - Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light and blue light may contribute to the development of this condition.
Can Macular Degeneration Be Prevented?
The answer to this is complex, as there are both genetic and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of this condition.
While there is no surefire way to completely prevent macular degeneration, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk and slow its progression. Maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, has been shown to have a protective effect on the macula. Additionally, quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and protecting the eyes from UV exposure can all help preserve vision.
For those with a family history of macular degeneration or other risk factors, regular eye exams and early intervention are crucial. While AMD may not be entirely preventable, taking proactive steps to support eye health can go a long way in preserving vision..
Treatment Options
Fortunately, there are several treatment options available that can help slow the progression of this disease.
One common treatment is anti-VEGF injections, which work by blocking a protein that promotes the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye. These injections are typically administered monthly or every few months and have been shown to be effective in many patients.
Photodynamic therapy is another option, where a light-sensitive drug is injected and then activated with a laser to selectively destroy abnormal blood vessels. This treatment is less common but may be used in certain cases.
For those with early-stage macular degeneration, dietary supplements containing antioxidants and zinc may help slow vision loss. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through exercise, not smoking, and protecting the eyes from UV exposure can also be beneficial.
In some cases, low vision aids like magnifiers, telescopic glasses, and screen readers can help patients make the most of their remaining vision.
While macular degeneration cannot be cured, these various treatment approaches are effective and can often help preserve vision and quality of life for those affected by this eye disease.
Take Action to Preserve Your Vision
Maintaining healthy eyes is crucial for your overall wellbeing and quality of life. The key is to schedule regular comprehensive eye exams, even if you don't perceive any vision problems. These exams allow eye care professionals to detect issues early and provide appropriate treatment or management. Taking some proactive measures today will help you safeguard your vision and allow you to continue experiencing the world around you to the fullest, even as you get older.
As Perth’s trusted independent optometrists, Abernethy Owens has been serving local families for over 90 years. If you have any concerns about your vision or would to schedule a routine eye exam, book online now or call 1800 411 744 today.