Vision is one of our most valuable senses, but what happens when the world around starts to look blurry, colours lose their vibrancy, and bright lights create a harsh glare? These could be signs of cataracts - a common eye condition that affects millions, especially as they age. But did you know that not all cataracts are the same? From those that develop slowly over time to ones that appear suddenly due to injury, cataracts come in different forms, each with unique effects on your sight.
Types of Cataracts
Nuclear Cataracts – These form in the centre (nucleus) of the lens and are primarily associated with aging. Over time, the lens hardens and becomes yellow or brown, leading to gradual vision loss. People with nuclear cataracts often experience difficulty distinguishing colours and may develop temporary nearsightedness before vision worsens.
Cortical Cataracts - These cataracts affect the outer edges of the lens, creating white, wedge-like streaks that move toward the centre. These cataracts interfere with light entering the eye, causing glare, contrast sensitivity issues, and difficulty seeing in bright environments. Diabetics are at higher risk for developing cortical cataracts.
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts - This type of cataract forms at the back of the lens, just beneath the capsule that holds the lens in place. Posterior subcapsular cataracts progress more quickly than other types and significantly affect near vision. They also cause increased glare and halos around lights, making nighttime driving particularly challenging.
Congenital Cataracts - Congenital cataracts are present at birth or develop in early childhood. They may be caused by genetic factors, infections during pregnancy, or metabolic disorders. Some congenital cataracts are small and do not impact vision, while others may require surgical intervention.
Traumatic Cataracts – These cataracts develop as a result of an eye injury. This can happen immediately after the injury or years later, depending on the severity of the trauma. Penetrating eye injuries, blunt force trauma, and chemical burns can all lead to cataract formation.
Secondary Cataracts - Certain medical conditions and medications can contribute to cataract development. For instance, prolonged use of corticosteroids, radiation therapy, or conditions like diabetes can accelerate cataract formation. These are often referred to as secondary cataracts because they result from another underlying health issue.
Treatment Options
Cataracts don’t have to cloud your vision, or your future. Thanks to modern advancements in eye care, treating cataracts is safer and more effective than ever. While early-stage cataracts may be managed with stronger glasses and better lighting, the real game-changer is cataract surgery. Quick and virtually painless, this procedure removes the cloudy lens and replaces it with a crystal-clear artificial lens, restoring sharp vision and vibrant colours. With options like Monofocal, multifocal, and Toric lenses, you can even reduce dependence on glasses after surgery.
For more advice on cataracts or to book an eye exam reach out to Abernethy Owens today – your local Perth optometry practice with five locations throughout the city. With decades of experience, our friendly and professional optometrists are here to help with all aspects of optometry including diagnostic imaging, dry eye treatment, myopia control, and a range of eyewear solutions such as frames, sunglasses and contact lenses. Perth locals can call 1800 411 744 to make an appointment or book online now.