While most Australians understand the link between UV exposure and skin cancer, many of us are simply unaware of the damage UV rays can do to our eyes. Whether from natural sunlight or artificial UV sources, UV light ages all structures of the eye and can ultimately lead to a wide range of eye health problems and decreased vision. Read on to find out more.

Understanding the Different Types of UV Rays

UV radiation is a component of solar radiation. Artificial sources such as welding machines, tanning beds, and lasers can also give off UV light.

There are 3 main types of UV Rays:

  • UVA - have a longer wavelength that can penetrate the middle layer of your skin (the dermis).
  • UVB - have a short wavelength that reaches the outer layer of your skin (the epidermis).
  • UVC – have the shortest wavelength, but they are absorbed by the ozone layer. The only way that humans can be exposed to UVC radiation is from an artificial source such as a lamp or laser.

All UVC and some UVB rays are absorbed by the Earth’s ozone layer. Therefore, most of the UV rays your body will come into contact with are UVA, with a small amount of UVB. Both UVA and UVB rays can have adverse long- and short-term effects on the eyes and vision.

How Does UV Radiation Affect Eyesight?

Both long- and short-term exposure to UV radiation can harm the eyes, impact vision, and compromise overall optical health. There are several eye conditions linked to UV exposure, some of these include:

  • Macular Degeneration (AMD) - Caused by damage to the retina over time, AMD is the leading cause of age-related blindness. Extended exposure to UV light significantly increases the risk of developing AMD.
  • Cataracts - A clouding of the eye’s natural lens, UV light, especially UVB rays, increase the risk for certain types of cataracts.
  • Pterygium – Commonly called ‘surfer’s eye,’ pterygium is a pink, non-cancerous growth that forms on the layer of conjunctiva over the white of the eye. UV light from the sun is believed to be a factor in the development of these growths.
  • Dry Eye Syndrome - Absorption of UVB rays can impair your cornea and lens, resulting in an underproduction of tears.
  • Photokeratitis - Also called corneal sunburn, photokeratitis is the result of intense, short-term exposure to UVB or UVC rays. This condition is very painful and may cause temporary vision loss. Long hours spent near waterways or snowfields without proper eye protection is often a key contributing factor.

Protecting Your Eyes from UV Exposure

it is important to take the necessary precautions to protect your eyes from UV light.

  • Be sure to select sunglasses that provide 100% UV or UV400 protection, or block both UVA and UVB rays. If you're unsure, ask your local Optometrist for their expert recommendation.
  • If you spend a lot of time outdoors in bright sunlight, especially near water or snow, wrap around frames can provide additional protection.
  • Wear a broad-brimmed hat in addition to sunglasses.
  • Try to avoid being outdoors when the sun’s rays are at their strongest – typically between 12pm and 4pm.
  • Never look directly at the sun. Doing so can damage the eye's retina and cause a serious injury known as solar retinopathy.
  • Avoid tanning beds. Tanning beds pose the same risks to your eyes and body as outdoor UV light.

Are You Concerned About Your Eye Health?

Visit your local Perth Optometry practice for a comprehensive eye examination. An eye test is a great way to monitor your eye health, maintain good vision and keep track of your UV protection needs. We can help with Myopia control, dry eye treatment, prescription sunglasses and more. Book an appointment online now or call 1800 411 744 to speak with our friendly team.