A rare but serious infection that affects the cornea, Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) is caused by opportunistic pathogens called amoeba. Affecting predominantly contact lens wearers, if left untreated this infection can lead to eye pain, permanent vision loss or even total blindness. Read on to learn more about this potentially dangerous infection including the signs, symptoms, treatments, and how to reduce your risk.

Is AK Contagious?

Acanthamoeba Keratitis is caused by an amoeba, which is a tiny, single-celled organism. The acanthamoeba is common in the air and soil, as well as in lakes and oceans, with most AK infections stemming from a water source including tap water, swimming pools, spas, showers, and sewage systems. The amoeba enters the eye and eats through the layers of the cornea, destroying tissue as it moves through. It can affect one or both eyes and is not contagious.

Who Is at Risk of Acanthamoeba Keratitis?

Whilst anyone can get this infection, it’s most common in people who wear soft contact lenses. You may be at a greater risk if you:

  • Clean your soft or Myopia contact lenses with tap water instead of appropriate disinfectant solutions.
  • Don’t practice proper contact lens hygiene.
  • Don’t store your contact lenses properly.
  • Have suffered previous damage to your cornea.
  • Swim, shower or use a spa while wearing contact lenses.

What Are the Symptoms?

Signs of early-stage AK may include:

  • Blurry vision
  • A cloudy cornea
  • Eye pain and redness
  • Sensation of something in the eye
  • Watery eyes
  • Whitish rings on the surface of the eye

It can take several weeks for symptoms to show up after the acanthamoeba enters the eye. It’s important to be aware that many of these symptoms are similar to those of other corneal diseases, so if you have been in contact with potentially contaminated water you should seek advice promptly from a trusted optometrist. Perth locals can book an appointment with our team online or call 1800 411 744 today.

If left untreated, the infection can cause permanent vision loss, total blindness, and other complications including:

  • Inflammation in the uvea
  • Iris atrophy (displaced pupil)
  • Mature cataracts
  • Scleritis (inflammation of the sclera)
  • Secondary glaucoma (optic nerve damage)

Treatments

Once diagnosed, your optometrist will prescribe a tailored treatment plan to suit your individual needs. Treatment commonly includes a topical antiseptic applied directly to the surface of the eye. Topical treatments may be needed regularly for six months to a year. Antibiotics or antifungal medications may also be recommended along with steroids or pain relief medications to reduce pain and inflammation. In rare cases, surgery may be required for advanced Acanthamoeba Keratitis.

How to Reduce Your Risk?

There are a few simple things you can do to help minimise your risk of infection.

  • Avoid contact with potentially contaminated water, such as freshwater lakes, rivers, and hot springs.
  • Use only disinfecting solution to rinse and store your contact lenses — never use tap water.
  • Wash your hands before touching your eyes or handling contact lenses.
  • Never shower, swim, or use a spa while wearing contact lenses.
  • Replace contact lenses regularly, according to your optometrist’s recommendations.
  • Visiting your optometrist for regular eye exams.

AK is a serious condition but if diagnosed and treated early, you should expect no long-term eye damage.

With five conveniently located practices throughout Perth (in Fremantle, Rockingham, Kardinya, Woodvale, and Floreat) it’s never been easier to access professional optometry services. Book online now.